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1a I mean is often used as another way of saying for example. It precedes a list of things the speaker is serious about, things they feel the listener may find unbelievable, but that prove a point they're trying to make. Here, intonation is very important — both words are unstressed and pronounced with a very low, flat intonation. The nuance at work here is <...and I'm not exaggerating...>
Boris tells Carl about their coworker's wedding, which he couldn't make it to.
Boris tells Carl about their coworker's wedding, which he couldn't make it to.
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Carl: So how was Julian's wedding?
Boris: The venue was nothing to write home about, but the food... what a spread! I mean beef Wellington, shrimp, lobster, caviar, pâté, the works!
_______________⦿ spread | a selection of food served at a party or event⦿ the works | everything you can imagine
1b I mean is often used to cite one clear example that proves a point you're trying to make. For instance, in the snippet below, Philip says Danny's cheap, and then to show just how cheap he is, he cites one instance of his cheapness that definitively prove his point beyond any doubt. In this usage, it has a nuance of <Here's an example you can't argue with:...>
Bob's parents' anniversary is coming up and he and his siblings are planning to give them a special gift. He tells his cousin, Philip, about the gift.
Bob's parents' anniversary is coming up and he and his siblings are planning to give them a special gift. He tells his cousin, Philip, about the gift.
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Bob: So I asked my siblings to chip in so we could get my parents a large-screen tv for their anniversary. Natasha gave me $300. Tammy gave me $250, and Danny sent me all of $20!
Philip: And you're surprised?
Bob: What's that supposed to mean?
Philip: It means that your brother's a cheapskate. He's the richest and tightest person I know. I mean he gave his own wife a keychain for their anniversary, for crying out loud!
In this exchange, all Philip needs is to cite one specific incident that proves without a doubt how cheap Danny is. The important thing to bear in mind here is that this doesn't literally mean I mean; it's an exclamation that means <just listen to this example and you'll definitely agree.>
_______________⦿ to chip in | this refers to a group of people all contributing some money for one big purchase or charity, etc. ⦿ What's that supposed to mean? | This question is an angry response to a criticism or insult.⦿ cheapskate | A very tight person who doesn't like to spend money. Also called a tightwad.
2 In another more abstract usage, unstressed I mean is used as a kind of filler, where it means something like <the thing is...> with a hint of <don't get me wrong...>. Here, the speaker's being cautious — and even a bit apologetic — about what they're about to say next. It's usually something that's not easy to say or pleasant to hear, but needs to be said in the speaker's opinion. In this context, it's often lengthened and pronounced with a hanging intonation:
_______________⦿ to stay over | to spend the night at someone's house⦿ spend the night | We often use this expression without mentioning a location when it's understood where someone is spending the night. Here, according to the context, it's Nicky's house. Also, the present perfect phrase has spent the night is used in this dialog in the sense of so far this week (See 2c Present Perfect)⦿ to take someone in | to allow someone homeless or otherwise needy to live in one's home
Alex's schoolmate, Dougie, has spent the night four nights in a row this week and his father is starting to get concerned.
Alex's schoolmate, Dougie, has spent the night four nights in a row this week and his father is starting to get concerned.
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Nicky: Dougie stayed over last night again?
Alex: Yeah, his parents are fighting all the time now, and he doesn't want to be there.
Nicky: I mean... I'm glad he's comfortable here, but he can't just like move in, Alex.
Alex: Why not?
Nicky: That's just not the way things are done. I like Dougie — I just don't want his parents to think we've taken him in.
Normally, we use I mean to clarify something we've just said, but here, Nicky says I mean even before he makes his point. So he's not clarifying anything; he's merely prefacing what he's about to say with a nuance of <please don't take this the wrong way, but it has to be said>
3 Using the same hanging intonation, I mean... is often used to express doubt when presented with something meant to serve as proof. In this usage, it has a nuance of «Let's be reasonable/realistic!» followed by an explanation of why you don't feel the proof is conclusive. The speakers tone should be skeptical and drawn out to express a hesitation to agree with the proof presented.
Alex's brother, Conrad, doesn't like Alex's new girlfriend and he walks into his room with his laptop to show him a picture of her supposedly kissing another guy.
Alex's brother, Conrad, doesn't like Alex's new girlfriend and he walks into his room with his laptop to show him a picture of her supposedly kissing another guy.
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Conrad: Here, I found a picture of Jessica kissing some guy at a football game. Still don't believe me?
Alex: [taking the laptop and looking closely at the picture] I mean... that can be anybody — you can't see half her face and they're sitting in a shadow.
4 This exclamation is used to express agreement with something just said, but with a tone of outrage and frustration. Both words are stressed and given a falling intonation.
4 This exclamation is used to express agreement with something just said, but with a tone of outrage and frustration. Both words are stressed and given a falling intonation.
It's most often used in reference to an unpleasant situation — especially one that's been going on for some time, (but not necessarily) and nobody seems to notice it, let alone do anything about it. Then, finally, someone besides you comments on it and you agree wholeheartedly using this exclamation.
It's most often used in reference to an unpleasant situation — especially one that's been going on for some time, (but not necessarily) and nobody seems to notice it, let alone do anything about it. Then, finally, someone besides you comments on it and you agree wholeheartedly using this exclamation.
For instance, in the dialog below, when Nina says I mean!, it implies that she's felt Wendy should leave her boyfriend for a long time, and finally, someone else agrees with her. Here, it has a nuance of «Right?! That's exactly how I feel!»
For instance, in the dialog below, when Nina says I mean!, it implies that she's felt Wendy should leave her boyfriend for a long time, and finally, someone else agrees with her. Here, it has a nuance of «Right?! That's exactly how I feel!»
Nina and her friend are talking about their friend who's in an abusive relationship.
Nina and her friend are talking about their friend who's in an abusive relationship.
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Barbara: Wendy called me this morning.
Nina: Let me guess... Bart beat her up again.
Barbara: Yep. When's she going to finally leave that idiot? Every time she takes him back, he does something worse than the last time.
Nina: I mean!
Here, Nina agrees with the last thing Natasha said, and at the same time, can't believe the situation has gone on for as long as it has. She expresses this frustration with ⤵︎I ⤵︎mean! This same reaction can also be expressed with -I -mean ⤵︎really_ or ̄right?! or ̄ho_nestly!
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